| Keeping Style Separate from Structure and Semantics | | Print | |
how a document should look. Markup that indicates how the document should look, rather than
describing the structure or content of the document, is known as stylistic markup. The <font>, <b>, and
<i> elements, and the color and bgcolor attributes are examples of stylistic markup.
You can contrast stylistic markup with the markup from the first example. The first example contained
only structural markup indicating the structure of a document (the paragraphs and headings), and semantic
markup telling us something about the content of the data, like the <title> element. But that first
example also looked plain and gray, which is why the stylistic markup was introduced.
Stylistic markup madeWeb pages look more interesting, but the result was that even the very basicWeb
pages became longer and more complicated. Furthermore, the markup no longer just described the
structure and contents of the document. Whereas in the first example the markup added information
about the document’s structure and its content only, the second example used markup to describe how
the document should look.
You see, a heading is a heading whether it is printed in black and white or shown on a Web browser in
bold, red, Arial typeface. Similarly, a title is the title of a document, no matter whether it is on the front
page of a document or at the top of each individual page. But when you use markup to indicate what
should be in an Arial typeface, 12 pt in size, red in color, and bold, you are saying how the document
should look rather than just saying “this is a paragraph” or “this is a heading.”
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